Pathological classification of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and comparative analysis with peritoneal carcinomatosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the pathological classification of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) and screen the immunohistochemical markers that can distinguish MPeM from peritoneal metastatic carcinoma (PC) . Methods: In June 2020, the pathological results of peritoneal biopsy of 158 MPeM and 138 PC patients from Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou People's Hospital, and Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from May 2011 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the pathological classifications of MPeM in Cangzhou were summarized. Immunohistochemical markers of MPeM and PC patients were analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn for differential diagnosis of MPeM and PC. Results: There were 55 male and 103 female MPeM patients in Cangzhou, with an average age of 57.1 years old. The asbestos exposure rate was 91.14% (144/158). The most common pathological classifications were cutaneous type, accounting for 90.51% (143/158). There were significant differences in the expression of calreticulum protein, CK5/6, vimentin, D2-40, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tail type homologous nuclear gene transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) between MPeM and PC (P<0.05). Among the 6 positive markers, the sensitivity of calreticulum protein was the highest (0.905) and CEA was the lowest (0.428) . Conclusion: Calreticulum protein, CK5/6, vimentin, D2-40, CEA and CDX-2 may be used as specific markers to distinguish the diagnosis of MPeM from PC.

Horizontal gene transfer among nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the guts of termite Coptotermes gestroi

Aims@#Arthropods guts, such as termite harbor diverse microorganisms including those that are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2). Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can help termite to overcome their shortage of dietary N by providing fixed N2. Nitrogenase enzyme is responsible for this trait and encoded by nif genes which are highly conserved and are primarily used in the identification of N2-fixing microorganisms. Here, we characterized N2-fixing bacteria isolated from the hindguts of termite Coptotermes gestroi.@*Methodology and results@#A total of 46 bacterial isolates were obtained after a primary screening based on their ability to grow on Burk’s media. Subsequently, the nifH gene from two of these isolates, namely S7 and S20, were successfully amplified and sequenced. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that isolate S7 is closely related to Ralstonia pickettii ATCC27511 (99.34% similarity, 1059 bp), whereas isolate S20 is closely related to Microbacterium sp. NCCP-451 (LC488936) (99.06% similarity, 948 bp). Besides that, the recA gene of isolate S7 is closely related to Ralstonia pickettii 12D (CP001644) (100% similarity, 442 bp) and the type strain of Ralstonia pickettii (ATCC 27511) (NZ KN050646) (98.97% similarity, 438 bp). Meanwhile, nifH gene of isolate S7 showed highest similarity to the uncultured bacterium NR1606 (AF035490) (99.93% similarity, 277 bp). Moreover, the nifH gene of isolate S20 is clearly separated from Azoarcus sp. and distantly related to Microbacterium sp. The incongruence between the partial 16S rRNA and nifH gene sequences could indicate the possibility of horizontal transfer of nif genes.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The phylogenetic incongruence between housekeeping genes (16S rRNA and RecA) and nifH gene in these bacteria provides new insight on potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) activity taking place in bacterial communities particularly in the guts of arthropods. The finding of this study on potential HGT can also aid in the prediction of origins and evolution of gene transfer among bacteria.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces expression of phospho-PKC substrates in rat pre-Bötzinger complex / 生理学报

The pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) residing in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata, is thought to be the kernel of respiratory rhythmogenesis. Episodic hypoxia exerts respiratory long-term facilitation, being recognized as electrophysiological characteristic of respiratory motor neuroplasticity. Our previous study demonstrated up-regulated expression of phospho-protein kinase C θ (P-PKCθ) in the pre-BötC of rats receiving chronic intermittent hypoxic (CIH) challenge. The present study was aimed to examine subcellular distribution of P-PKC substrates (P-PKCsub) and explore PKC down-stream targeting proteins in the pre-BötC in normoxic and CIH rats. Using neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) as a marker of the pre-BötC, P-PKCsub immunoreactivity was revealed by immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopic double-labeling in the pre-BötC. Western blot was applied to analyze P-PKCsub proteins in ventrolateral medulla, containing the pre-BötC. The results showed that NK1R immunoreactivity (NK1R-ir) was expressed mainly along plasma membranes of somata and processes, outlining pre-BötC neurons under the light microscope. P-PKCsub immunoreactive (P-PKCsub-ir) fluorophores in dot-like appearance appeared in somata and processes. Some were in close apposition to plasma membranes. A majority of P-PKCsub-ir neurons was found with NK1R-ir. CIH challenge up-regulated the expression of P-PKCsub proteins in the ventrolateral medulla. Under the electron microscope, NK1R-ir product was found to distribute along the inner membrane surfaces of somata and dendrites. P-PKCsub-ir gold particles were located in somata and dendrites, and some were distributed along the inner membrane surfaces, as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum and postsynaptic dense body. These results suggest that CIH challenge up-regulates the expression of P-PKCsub proteins, probably including some receptor proteins in the postsynaptic membrane, which may contribute to respiratory neuroplasticity via activation of PKCθ in the pre-BötC.

Epidemiologic characteristics and pathogen surveillance of hand, foot and mouth disease in Hebei province from 2008 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Hebei Province from 2008 to 2017, so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The epidemic data and laboratory detection data of HFMD from 2008 to 2017 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2008 to 2017,a total of 690 368 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease, including 4 939 severe cases and 208 deaths were reported in Hebei Province, with an average annual incidence of 95.53/100 000. The largest number of reported light cases were 2009, while severe cases and deaths were in 2010. The number of reported cases increased every other year but decreased in general. In 2008, 2009 and 2012, the main peak of the onset of spring and summer was formed from April to June. In 2010, 2011 and 2013-2017, the main peak of the onset of spring and summer was from May to July. Main peak value in spring and summer showed a backward delayed trend. The sex ratio between men and women was 1.59:1.The majority of deaths case were scattered children and preschool case. Other enteroviruses, human enterovirus 71,(EV-A71) and coxasckievirus A16,(CV-A16) alternately became the main pathogens of common cases. The pathogenic composition of different cases was different and the difference was statistically significant ( 2=2274.17, P<0.001). Conclusion The number of reported deaths and severe cases has decreased significantly. It is necessary to adjust the focus of prevention and control, pay more attention to the mild cases of FHMD, and further strengthen the monitoring of other enteroviruses pathogenic spectrum.

Analysis of PM2.5 components during winter in Xinxiang city and their inflammatory effects on human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To analyze the PM2.5 components collected during winter in Xinxiang city and their inflammatory effects on human type lⅡ alveolar epithelial cells.Methods Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected during winter in Xinxiang using a high-volume air sampler.The composition and mass concentration of soluble anions and metal elements in PM2.5 were determined with ion chromatography and inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer,respectively.3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to examine the effect of PM2.5 on viability of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell line A549;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in A549 cells.Results Airborne PM2.5 contained higher levels of NOx and SO42-during winter in Xinxiang city.The amount of PM2.5-derived metal elements in PM2.5 varied significantly,with higher levels of Ca,Mg,Zn and Al.The inhibition ratio of 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0,200.0,400.0 mg · L-1 pM2.5 group on A549 of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell was higher than that of 0.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group (P ＜ 0.05).The inhibition ratio of 200.0,400.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group on A549 of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell was higher than that of 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the inhibition ratio in the 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group (P ＞ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the inhibition ratio between 200.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group and 400.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with 0.0 mg · L-1 pM2.5 group,the IL-1βand IL-8 protein expression of the human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells culture supernatants in the 25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1PM2.5 group was higher(P ＜0.05).But there was no significant difference in the IL-1β and IL-8 protein expression of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell culture supernatants among 25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1 pM2.5 group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Analysis of source apportionment suggests that construction and automobiles are main sources of ambient PM2.5 air pollution.Moreover,exposure to PM2.5 can cause damage and pro-inflammatory response of human type Ⅱalveolar epithelial cells.

Local administration of mononuclear cell, platelet-rich plasma and zoledronic acid for the prevention and treatment of early femoral head osteonecrosis and collapse: study / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are various treatment methods for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and collapse, but conservative treatment is invalid. Once femoral head collapse occurs, the development is irreversible. Our previous research has shown that local administration of zoledronic acid can prevent necrotic femoral head collapse. Moreover, bone marrow mononuclear cells obtain satisfactory short-term efficacy in the treatment of ONFH. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative efficacy of local administration of mononuclear cell, platelet-rich plasma and zoledronic acid for the prevention and treatment of early ONFH and collapse. METHODS: This prospective, single-center, randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial was conducted at the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. One hundred patients with ONFH (stages I-II by Ficat and Arlet classification) were enrolled and randomly assigned into either the treatment group or control group (n=50 per group). Patients were given an injection of mononuclear cell, platelet-rich plasma and zoledronic acid into the necrotic femoral head, or drilling decompression at the necrotic area. Patients in both groups were then followed up for 4, 8, 12, and 18 months. The primary outcome measures were the blood supply, osteogenesis and appearance of the necrotic femoral head observed on hip perfusion by dynamic MRI, CT restruction of the hip joint and radiography of the hip joint, as well as Harris hip scores and numerical rating scale scores. Secondary outcome measures included SF-36 Health Survey and Activities of Daily Living scores. DISCUSSION: The outcomes of this trial have provided quantitative data for analyzing the effectiveness of local administration of mononuclear cell, platelet-rich plasma and zoledronic acid on ONFH and collapse. Written approval for this protocol was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital in China (approval No. S2015-082-01). Participants and their families are informed of the study protocol and procedures, and signed an informed consent. The study was in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Trial began in January 2015 and will be completed in December 2017. Trial results will be published in scientific reports, or in peer-reviewed journals. This trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02721940. Patient recruitment is ongoing.

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used for treatment of puerperal diseases by Dai people / 中草药

Xishuangbanna Dai prefecture has high temperature and high humidity all throughout the year, and puerperal diseases are very common to local Dai women. This paper focused on the medicinal plants using knowledge by Xishuangbanna Dai ethnic people and conducted a series of medicinal ethnobotanical study. In total, 27 plant species were investigated and recognized; The plants near to Dai village had the highest utilization; The selection of medicinal plant reflects the manifested time and space characteristics; Taking herbal decoction with water was the most-used method; Furthermore, the local Dai people attached more importance to the compatibility of different medicines to get better curative effect. The study indicates that the Dai medicine should take the different time and occasion into account when used for treating puerperal diseases, and the treatment is very complicated and variable. The authors have called on more attention to Dai medicinal ethnobotanical study.

Left ventricular rotation and twist in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasound speckle-tracking imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the left ventricular rotation and twist in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle-tracking imaging (STI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two-dimensional images of left ventricule (LV) at basal and apical short-axis views were acquired in 20 patients with HCM and 20 healthy subjects to evaluate LV rotation. LV twist were defined as rate of apical LV rotation to the basal. Peak rotation (Prot) and the time to Prot in basal and apical short axis views were measured separately. Peak twist (Ptw), twist at aortic valve closure (AVCtw), twist at mitral valve opening (MVOtw), untwisting rate (Untw R), and half time of untwisting (HTU) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the value of Prot-MV, Prot-AP, Ptw, time to Ptw, AVCtw, MVOtw, and HTU significantly increased (all P < 0.05) and the Untw R significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the HCM group. In the HCM group, time to Prot in apical view was significantly higher than that in basal view.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>STI can noninvasively evaluate the characteristics of LV twist and rotation in patients with HCM.</p>

Protective effects of lidocaine against lung injury after hemorrhagic shock in rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of lidocaine against lung injury after hemorrhagic shock in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6), namely lidocaine group (group L), hemorrhagic shock group (group H) and control group (group C). Hemorrhagic shock model was established in rabbits in groups L and H, and the venous blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) before phlebotomy (T0), 2 h after hemorrhagic shock (T1) and 2 h after resuscitation (T2). Blood samples were also taken for measurement of MDA and SOD at the same time points in group C. The wet to dry weight ratio of the lung (W/D) was measured at T2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MDA level was significantly lower while SOD level significantly higher in group L than in group H (P<0.05). The W/D ratio in group L was reduced significantly as compared with that in group H (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lidocaine can remarkably alleviate lung injury after hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting MDA production and increasing SOD content.</p>